Adolf Hitler Short Biography

Adolf Hitler was leader of Germany during the Third Reich (1933 – 1945) and the primary instigator of both the Second World War in Europe and the mass execution of millions of people deemed to be "enemies" or inferior to the Aryan ideal. Born: April 20, 1889, died: April 30, 1945.

Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, on April 20th 1889 to Alois Hitler (who, as an illegitimate child, had previously used his mother’s name of Schickelgruber) and Klara Poelzl. A moody child, he grew hostile towards his father, especially once the latter had retired and the family had moved to Linz. Alois died in 1903 but left money to take care of the family. Hitler was close to his mother, who was highly indulgent of Hitler, and he was deeply affected when she died in 1908. He left school at 16 in 1905, intending to become a painter.

Hitler moved to Vienna in 1907 where he applied to the Viennese Academy of Fine arts, but was twice turned down. This experience further embittered the increasingly angry Hitler, and he remained in Vienna living off his small family inheritance and what he could make from selling his art, moving from hostel to hostel, a lonely, vagabond figure. During this period Hitler appears to have developed the world view that would characterise his whole life: a hatred for Jews and Marxists. Hitler was well placed to be influenced by the demagogy of Karl Lueger, Vienna’s deeply anti-Semitic mayor.

Hitler moved to Munich in 1913 and avoided Austrian military service in early 1914 by virtue of being unfit. However, when the First World War broke out in 1914 he joined the 16th Bavarian Infantry Regiment, serving throughout the war. He proved to be an able and brave soldier as a dispatch runner, winning the Iron Cross (First Class) on two occasions. He was also wounded twice, and four weeks before the war ended suffered a gas attack which temporarily blinded and hospitalised him. It was here he learnt of Germany’s surrender, which he took as a betrayal. He especially hated the Treaty of Versailles.

After WW1 Hitler became convinced he was destined to save Germany. In 1919, working for an army unit, he was assigned to spy on a political party of roughly 40 idealists called the German Workers Party. Instead he joined it, swiftly rose to a position of dominance (he was chairman by 1921) and renamed it the Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). He gave the party the Swastika as a symbol and organised a personal army of ‘storm troopers’ (the SA or Brownshirts) and a bodyguard of black shirted men, the SS, to attack opponents. He also discovered, and used, his powerful ability for public speaking.

In November 1923 Hitler organised Bavarian nationalists under a figurehead of General Ludendorff into a coup (or 'putsch'). They declared their new government in a beer hall in Munich and then 3000 marched through the streets, but they were met by police, who opened fire, killing 16. Hitler was arrested and tried in 1924, but was sentenced to only five years in prison, a sentence often taken as a sign of tacit agreement with his views. Hitler served only nine months in prison, during which he wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle), a book outlining his theories on race, Germany and Jews. It sold five million copies by 1939.

After the Beer-Hall Putsch Hitler resolved to seek power through subverting the Weimar government system, and he carefully rebuilt the NSDAP, or Nazi, party, allying with future key figures like Goering and propaganda mastermind Goebbels. Over time he expanded the party’s support, partly by exploiting fears of socialists and partly by appealing to everyone who felt their economic livelihood threatened by the depression of the 1930s, until he had the ears of big business, the press and the middle classes. Nazi votes jumped to 107 seats in the Reichstag in 1930.

In 1932 Hitler acquired German citizenship and ran for president, coming second to von Hindenburg. Later that year the Nazi party acquired 230 seats in the Reichstag, making them the largest party in Germany. Helped by support from conservative politicians believing they could control Hitler, he was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30th 1933. Hitler moved with great speed to isolate and expel opponents from power, shutting trade unions, removing communists, conservatives and Jews.

Later that year Hitler perfectly exploited an act of arson on the Reichstag (which some believe the Nazis helped cause) to begin the creation of a totalitarian state, dominating the March 5th elections thanks to support from nationalist groups. Hitler soon took over the role of president when Hindenburg died and merged the role with that of Chancellor to become Führer (‘Leader’) of Germany.

Hitler continued to move with speed in radically changing Germany, consolidating power, locking up “enemies” in camps, bending culture to his will, rebuilding the army and breaking the constraints of the Treaty of Versailles. He tried to change the social fabric of Germany by encouraging women to breed more and bringing in laws to secure racial purity; Jews were particularly targeted. Employment, high elsewhere in a time of depression, fell to zero in Germany. Hitler also made himself head of the army. Hitler engineered territorial expansion, uniting with Austria in an anschluss, and dismembering Czechoslovakia. It was in September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland, that other nations took a stand, declaring war. This was not unappealing to Hitler who believed Germany should make itself great through war, and invasions in 1940 went well. However, arguably his fatal mistake occurred in 1941 with the invasion of Russia, through which he wished to create lebensraum, or ‘living room’. After initial success, German forces were pushed back by Russia, and defeats in Africa and West Europe followed as Germany was slowly beaten. During this time Hitler became gradually more paranoid and divorced from the world, retreating to a bunker. As armies approached Berlin from two directions, Hitler married his mistress, Eva Braun, and on April 30th 1945 killed himself. Hitler will forever be remembered for starting the Second World War, the most costly conflict in world history, thanks to his desire to expand Germany’s borders through force. He will equally be remembered for his dreams of racial purity, which prompted him to order the execution of millions of people, perhaps as high as eleven million. Although every arm of German bureaucracy was turned to pursuing the executions, Hitler was the chief driving force. In the decades since Hitler’s death many commentators have concluded that he must have been mentally ill, and that if he wasn’t when he started his rule the pressures of his failed wars must have driven him mad. Given that he ordered genocide and ranted and raved it is easy to see why people have come to this conclusion, but it’s important to state that there is no consensus among historians that he was insane, or what psychological problems he may have had.

Bandung Sea of Fire

Bandung Sea of Fire

Events Bandung Ocean of Fire is a major fire incident that occurred in the city of Bandung, West Java province in March 1946. Within seven hours, about 200,000 inhabitants burned their homes and possessions, leaving the city to the mountains in the area south of Bandung. This is done to prevent the Allies and the Dutch Colonial Army troops control the city. Decision to be taken Bandung burned through unity Assembly deliberations struggle Priangan (MP3) in the presence of all power struggles, on March 24, 1946. Kol. Abdul Haris Nasoetion as Commander of Division III, announced the results of these deliberations and ordered to leave the city of Bandung. That same day, the group of the population left the city of Bandung long flowing and burning the town last night. Next TRI (Indonesian people's army) to fight the guerrillas from outside Bandung. This event inspired the song Halo-Halo Bandung is the name of the creator is still debated.

Several years later, the song "Halo-Halo Bandung" was written to symbolize their emotions, as the promise of going back to our beloved city, which has become a sea of fire.

Ultimatum for Army of the Republic of Indonesia (TRI) to leave the city and the people, politics gave birth to "bumihangus". People are not willing to be exploited by enemies of Bandung. They fled to the south along with the fighters. Decision to be taken Bandung burned through deliberation Priangan Struggle Unity Council (MP3) in the presence of all power struggles, on March 24, 1946.

Colonel Abdul Haris Nasution as Commander of Division III, announced the results of these deliberations, and ordered people to leave the city of Bandung. That same day, the group running the length of the population left the city of Bandung.

Bandung deliberately burned by the TRI and the people with the intention that the Allies can not use it anymore. Here and there, billowing black smoke rising high into the air. All the power failure. England began to attack so fierce fighting occurred. Battle of the most exciting happening in the Village Dayeuhkolot, south of Bandung, where there are large munition factories owned by Allied. TRI intends to destroy the gunpowder warehouse. For that diutuslah youth Muhammad Toha and Ramdan. The boys managed to blow up the warehouse with hand grenades. Large warehouse exploded and burned, but the two young men, too, burned in it. Bandung city administration staff will initially remain in the city, but for the sake of safety then at 21:00 hours was also out of town. Since then, approximately at 24.00 South Bandung have been empty of i

nhabitants and the TRI. But the fire still burning city rising. And Bandung was transformed into a sea of fire.


Bandung Scorched Earth is the right action, because the strength of TRI and the people will not be able to resist a powerful enemy. Next TRI with the people to fight a guerrilla from outside Bandung. This event gave birth to the song "Halo-Halo Bandung" the vigorous burning of the Indonesian people fighting spirit.

Bandung Ocean of Fire later became famous after the term of the burning incident. Many of us wonder where this term originated. The late General Besar AH Nasution recalled during a meeting in Regentsweg (now road Dewi Sartika), after returning from his meeting with Sutan Sjahrir in Jakarta, to decide what action will be made to the city of Bandung after receiving a British ultimatum.


The Bandung Sea of fire monument